Oxidative markers and SOD variant: predictors of autism severity and susceptibility
Future Science OA
2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: this study examines the relationship between oxidative stress, anti-oxidative markers, and the ala16Val sOD2 polymorphism in children with autism spectrum disorder (asD) to better understand asD severity and susceptibility. Material and methods: the study included 80 children (40 with asD and 40 controls) from erbil city, iraq. Results: serum antioxidant markers, such as superoxide dismutase (sOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were significantly lower in asD patients compared to controls (P = 0.036 and P < 0.001, respectively), while markers of oxidative damage, including malondialdehyde (MDa), nitric oxide (NO), and cytochrome c, were significantly elevated (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed reduced sOD and GPX activities were strongly associated with increased autism severity, as measured by the childhood autism rating scale (caRs), while elevated NO and cytochrome c levels also correlated positively with higher caRs scores. although the ala16Val sOD polymorphism was not significantly associated with asD risk, logistic regression showed no connection between sOD genotypes and serum sOD levels. Conclusion: these findings suggest oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense play critical roles in asD severity. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY this study explores the relationship between oxidative stress, antioxidant markers, and the ala16Val sOD2 polymorphism in autism spectrum disorder (asD). it involved 80 children (40 with asD, 40 controls) from erbil city, iraq. Results showed significantly lower superoxide dismutase (sOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels in asD patients, with elevated oxidative damage markers, including malondialdehyde (MDa), nitric oxide (NO), and cytochrome c. Regression analysis linked reduced sOD and GPX levels and increased NO and cytochrome c levels with higher childhood autism Rating scale (caRs) scores. While the sOD2 polymorphism was not associated with asD risk, oxidative stress strongly influenced asD severity. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS • Reduced serum sOD and GPX activities were significantly linked to autism severity, with lower levels correlating with higher caRs scores. • elevated oxidative stress markers (MDa, NO, and cytochrome c) were significantly associated with increased autism severity. • the ala16Val sOD polymorphism was not associated with asD risk or serum sOD levels. • Regression analysis identified sOD, GPX, NO, and cytochrome c as predictors of autism severity, with sOD showing the strongest negative association. • Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in the progression of asD symptoms.
Kenpaullone attenuates amyloid-beta deposition and neuroinflammation, improving memory in a 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Neurological Research A Journal of Progress in Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurosciences
2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kenpaullone is known for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. We explored the potential of a specific intervention to influence cognitive abilities and disease-related brain changes in a mice model replicating key aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We employed 5XFAD transgenic mice, which develop Aβ plaques and cognitive impairments that mirror those observed in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The animals were treated with Kenpaullone (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg) or a vehicle (DMSO). The study evaluated memory using the Morris water maze (MWM) and the novel object recognition (NOR) task. This study employed immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blot to analyze Aβ plaques and proinflammatory factors, investigating neurodegeneration. In contrast, the expression of genes related to neurodegeneration and apoptosis was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Administration of Kenpaullone yielded significant improvements in cognitive performance in the 5XFAD mice. Mice that received the 5 mg/kg treatment demonstrated the highest improvement in spatial learning and recognition memory. Furthermore, Kenpaullone decreased the burden of amyloid-beta plaques in key brain regions associated with memory (hippocampus and cortex), along with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Kenpaullone treatment resulted in a downregulation of genes related to neuro- degeneration and apoptosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit in mitigating neural apoptosis in AD. Our results suggest that Kenpaullone holds promise for improving cognitive function and mitigating neuropathological changes in AD, warranting further exploration as a potential medicinal substance.
Assessment of Language Impairment Management of Post Stroke at Erbil Public Hospitals
Diyala Journal of Medicine
2024
Abstract
Abstract background: Stroke is the most common cause of aphasia which need to be managed because it postpones stroke recovery and causes psychological and social problems for the patients and their families. Researchers have observed that the issue of language disorder in post-stroke patients has been poorly addressed in Kurdistan Region. Objective: This neurolinguistic study aims at presenting a comprehensive scale study about the demography of stroke and aphasic patients at Rizgary hospital over a period of two months in2024. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study is carried out at Rizgary Public hospital in Erbil-Kurdistan Region. Demographic for all the patients who were registered at Erbil hospitals during the two months in 2024. Then the process of diagnosing aphasia and dysarthria as language impairments are carried out. Results: Among 234 subjects, the mean age of post stroke patients is 33.4 ± 22.038001years .15.3% of patients were not paralyzed, meanwhile 44.8% got right side body paralysis, followed by left side 38%, and both side 1.7%. The highest risk factor is hypertension (68.8%), followed by diabetes mellitus (41.4%), and ischemic heart disease (21.7%). Conclusion: Language disorders is about (71.4%) which is a high range among post-stroke patients. Language disorders does not only affect stroke management but it also impair the individual’s quality of life. If language impairments are screened earlier in patients, it is possible to intervene in language skills and work through speech therapy. Keywords: Language impairment, stroke, dysarthria.